PhilosophersCicéron
Cicéron
True law is right reason in agreement with nature.
New Academy (Academic scepticism) · Stoicism106 – 43 av. J.-C. ItalyAcademic (New Academy)Orator and statesmanBringer of Greek philosophy into LatinThinker of natural law
Inspirations
Socrate et Platonarguing for and against; Gyges' ring; the myth of Er, model of the Dream
Carnéadethe New Academy: seeking the probable
Panétius et PosidoniusMiddle Stoicism, the source of On Duties
Épicurepleasure and atoms, which he opposes
criticHeirs
Augustin converted to philosophy by the (lost) Hortensius
Thomas d'Aquin natural law
Les humanistes (Pétrarque, Érasme)the model of Latin and civic wisdom
Machiavel the fox and the lion, against On Duties
criticHume his Dialogues imitate On the Nature of the Gods
Grotius, Lockenatural right, one law for all
Similar and opposite philosophers
how it is computedClosest
Paul Ricœur We are the same in two ways: by our character, and by keeping our word; the story of our life holds the two together.
100 %Joseph Butler English bishop and moralist: happiness comes from satisfying particular affections, not from the self-love that aims at it.
89 %Viktor Frankl Psychiatrist and camp survivor: we find meaning by giving ourselves to a cause, and happiness comes as a by-product.
89 %John Leslie The fine-tuning of the universe is not a coincidence we can ignore: it calls for an explanation.
88 %