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Voices of today

YouTubers, podcasters, scientists, philosophers: what the people you listen to think about the big questions, how their ideas have changed, which arguments they defend, and which philosophers they are closest to.

Stephen Fry

Comedian · Writer

Actor, writer and broadcaster; outspoken atheist and humanist, patron of Humanists UK

AtheismNature or conscienceNothing to fear

Jordan Peterson

YouTuber · Writer

Clinical psychologist who reads myths and the Bible as maps of meaning; author of 12 Rules for Life

AgnosticismThe question is badly putNature or conscience

Ricky Gervais

Comedian

Comedian and outspoken atheist; talks about God, death, meaning and animal rights.

AtheismMorality questionedA meaning to create

Neil deGrasse Tyson

Scientist · Podcaster

Astrophysicist, director of the Hayden Planetarium, host of Cosmos and StarTalk

AgnosticismNature or conscienceA meaning to create

Brian Cox

Scientist · Podcaster

British particle physicist, presenter of Wonders of the Universe and The Infinite Monkey Cage

AgnosticismThe mind comes from matterA meaning to create

Christopher Hitchens

Writer

Essayist and debater, author of God Is Not Great, one of the Four Horsemen of the new atheism

AtheismNature or conscienceA meaning to create

Alan Watts

Spiritual teacher · Writer

Popularised Zen, Taoism and Vedanta in the West; the ego as an illusion

PantheismNo free willThe question is badly put

Deepak Chopra

Spiritual teacher · Writer

Author who argues consciousness, not matter, is the base of reality; mind-body health

PantheismThe mind is not matterThe soul survives

Richard Dawkins

Scientist · Writer

Evolutionary biologist, author of The Selfish Gene and The God Delusion

AtheismFree without absolute free willNature or conscience

Sam Harris

Podcaster · Writer

Neuroscientist and author: atheism, free will as illusion, a science of morality, meditation

AtheismNo free willConsequences

Sadhguru (Jaggi Vasudev)

Spiritual teacher · Teacher

Indian yogi and founder of Isha Foundation; says life has no meaning and belief is not knowing

AgnosticismThe mind is not matterA meaning to create

Slavoj Žižek

Philosopher · Writer

Slovenian philosopher mixing Hegel, Lacan and Marx; ideology, the subject, "Christian atheism"

AtheismThe mind comes from matter

Yuval Noah Harari

Writer

Historian of Sapiens and Homo Deus: shared fictions, no free will, suffering as the one real thing.

AtheismNo free willConsequences

Abigail Thorn

YouTuber · Writer

British creator of Philosophy Tube: theatrical video essays that teach philosophy for free.

Lex Fridman

Podcaster · Scientist

AI researcher and podcaster who hosts long conversations on science, God, consciousness and meaning

Steven "Destiny" Bonnell

Streamer · YouTuber

American streamer and debater who says he does not believe in objective right and wrong.

AtheismThe mind comes from matterMorality questioned

Steven Pinker

Scientist · Writer

Harvard psychologist: human nature is real, violence is falling, reason and science drive progress.

AtheismFree without absolute free willThe mind comes from matter

Karl Popper

Philosopher · Writer

Philosopher of science: a theory is scientific only if it could be proven false; defender of the open society

AgnosticismFree willThe mind is not matter

Alex O'Connor

YouTuber · Podcaster

British YouTuber (CosmicSkeptic) and host of Within Reason; agnostic atheist who debates God and ethics.

AgnosticismNo free willMorality questioned

Lawrence Krauss

Scientist · Podcaster

Theoretical physicist, author of A Universe from Nothing, host of The Origins Podcast

AtheismNo free willNature or conscience

Ryan Holiday

Writer · Podcaster

Author who brought Stoicism to a wide public: The Obstacle Is the Way, The Daily Stoic

VirtueA meaning to createNothing to fear

Alain de Botton

Writer · Philosopher

Philosophy for everyday life; The School of Life; religion for atheists

Atheism

Peter Singer

Philosopher · Writer

Utilitarian ethicist: animal liberation, duty to help the distant poor, effective altruism

AtheismFree without absolute free willConsequences

John Lennox

Apologist · Scientist

Oxford mathematician who argues that science and belief in God fit together; debated Dawkins and Hitchens.

TheismFree willThe mind is not matter

Daniel Dennett

Philosopher · Writer

Philosopher of mind: consciousness as brain process, compatibilist free will, religion as natural

AtheismFree without absolute free willThe mind comes from matter

Bart Ehrman

Writer · Teacher

New Testament scholar who went from evangelical faith to agnosticism over the problem of suffering.

AgnosticismConsequencesA meaning to create

Wesley Huff

Apologist · YouTuber

Canadian apologist who defends the reliability of the Bible and the resurrection; went viral after Joe Rogan.

TheismFree without absolute free willGod's will

Robert Sapolsky

Scientist · Writer

Stanford neuroscientist; argues in 'Determined' (2023) that free will does not exist

AtheismNo free willThe mind comes from matter

Bishop Robert Barron

Theologian · YouTuber

Catholic bishop and founder of Word on Fire; explains God through Aquinas and speaks with unbelievers.

TheismFree willThe mind is not matter

Nick Bostrom

Philosopher · Writer

Author of the simulation argument and of 'Superintelligence'; thinks about humanity's long-term future.

Free without absolute free will

Roger Scruton

Philosopher · Writer

Philosopher of beauty, music and the sacred; argued that beauty is a real value, not mere taste.

TheismThe mind is not matter

Cliffe Knechtle

Apologist · YouTuber

Pastor who has answered students' questions on faith in open-air dialogues on campuses since 1979.

TheismFree willThe mind is not matter

Martha Nussbaum

Philosopher · Writer

Capabilities approach to justice; philosopher of emotions, anger and animal justice

Sabine Hossenfelder

Scientist · YouTuber

Physicist and YouTuber; hard determinist, critic of beauty-driven physics, author of 'Existential Physics'

AgnosticismNo free willThe mind comes from matter

William Lane Craig

Apologist · Philosopher

Christian philosopher who defends the kalam argument and debates atheists; founder of Reasonable Faith.

TheismFree willThe mind is not matter

Frank Turek

Apologist · Podcaster

Christian apologist, author of 'I Don't Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist'; founder of CrossExamined.

TheismFree willThe mind is not matter

Francis Collins

Scientist · Writer

Led the Human Genome Project and the NIH; former atheist turned Christian, author of 'The Language of God'

TheismFree willGod's will

Sean Carroll

Scientist · Podcaster

Theoretical physicist, host of the Mindscape podcast, defender of poetic naturalism and Many Worlds

AtheismFree without absolute free willThe mind comes from matter

Mohammed Hijab

Apologist · YouTuber

British Muslim debater and author; defends God's existence with the contingency argument from Ibn Sina.

TheismFree without absolute free willGod's will

David Chalmers

Philosopher · Writer

Named the 'hard problem' of consciousness; argues virtual worlds are real.

AtheismFree without absolute free willThe mind is not matter

Michael Sandel

Philosopher · Teacher

Harvard's "Justice" course; critic of Rawls, of market thinking, of meritocracy and of designer children

Virtue

Donald Hoffman

Scientist · Writer

Cognitive scientist; argues evolution hid reality from us and that consciousness is fundamental

PantheismThe mind is not matterThe soul survives

Matt Dillahunty

YouTuber · Podcaster

American atheist debater, long-time host of The Atheist Experience; former Baptist who asks for evidence.

AtheismFree without absolute free willThe mind comes from matter

Trent Horn

Apologist · Podcaster

Catholic Answers apologist; debates atheists and hosts the podcast The Counsel of Trent.

TheismFree willThe mind is not matter

Philip Goff

Philosopher · YouTuber

Panpsychist philosopher: consciousness is fundamental; defends cosmic purpose.

TheismThe mind is not matterA given meaning

Every position links to its source: the exact moment of a video, an interview or an article. Quotes are checked word for word against the transcripts.