PhilosophersAl-Ghazali
Al-Ghazali
Reason has limits: certainty comes from experiencing God.
Islamic rational theology (kalam)1058 – 1111 IranTheologian (Ash'arite kalam)Critic of the philosophersSufiJurist
Inspirations
Al-Ash'ariAsh'arite theology: God alone creates
Al-Juwaynihis teacher in Nishapur
Avicenne the eternal world, necessary causes
criticAl-FarabiGreek philosophy in Arabic
criticAl-Muhasibi, al-Junaydthe Sufi masters he read
Heirs
Averroès The Incoherence of the Incoherence, his reply
criticFakhr al-Din al-Raziphilosophical kalam
Thomas d'Aquin read him as "Algazel"
Hume the same critique of causation; no evidence that he read him (a comparison)
William Lane Craigrevives his proof: the "kalam argument"
Similar and opposite philosophers
how it is computedClosest
Léon Tolstoï At fifty he saw no meaning in anything; he found it again in the faith of simple people.
100 %Ibn Khaldun Civilisations rise and fall with the strength of their solidarity.
89 %Bonaventure A world without a beginning is impossible: the infinite can neither be added to nor traversed to the end.
88 %Galileo Galilei Astronomer and physicist: he holds that nature is read through experiment and mathematics, and that Scripture speaks of salvation, not of the mechanics of the heavens.
88 %